Conditions
Conditions
Informational overviews of common digestive system conditions. These do not replace medical advice.
General Surgery Department
Inguinal & Femoral Hernia
Tissue bulging in the groin or femoral area — the most common type of hernia.
Umbilical & Epigastric Hernia
A hernia around the navel or higher along the midline of the abdomen, due to weakening muscles.
Incisional Hernia
Weakening of the abdominal wall at the site of a previous surgical incision.
Gallstones & Acute Cholecystitis
Stones forming in the gallbladder, which can cause blockage and acute inflammation.
Haemorrhoids (Internal & External)
Swelling and inflammation of the haemorrhoidal cushions in the anal and rectal area.
Anal Fissure
A small, painful tear in the sensitive lining of the anal canal.
Perianal Fistula & Abscess
An acute collection of pus (abscess) or a chronic abnormal tract (fistula) around the anus.
Pilonidal Cyst
A chronic inflammatory condition in the sacrococcygeal area, often caused by ingrown hair.
Anal Condylomata
Benign skin lesions in the perianal area caused by the HPV virus.
Proctalgia & Pruritus Ani
Unexplained, spasmodic pain in the rectum, or persistent itching in the perianal area.
Acute Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the appendix, requiring immediate surgical treatment.
Gastroenterology Department
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
A chronic condition where stomach fluids reflux into the oesophagus, irritating its lining.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A functional bowel disorder with abdominal pain, bloating and altered bowel habits.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis & Crohn's Disease)
Chronic, autoimmune inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract requiring long-term follow-up.
Peptic Ulcer (Stomach & Duodenal)
An erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often linked to H. pylori.
Coeliac disease
An immune reaction to gluten that damages the lining of the small intestine.
Colorectal Polyps
Localised growths on the lining of the large bowel, some of which are precancerous.
Barrett's Oesophagus
A precancerous change in the lower oesophagus caused by long-standing acid reflux.
Hiatal Hernia
A structural condition where part of the stomach shifts up into the chest.
Gastritis & Duodenitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
Helicobacter pylori Infection
A chronic bacterial infection of the stomach, a leading cause of gastritis, ulcers and stomach cancer.
Dyspepsia & Functional Dyspepsia
A cluster of troublesome upper digestive symptoms, often without organic disease.
Dysphagia & Oesophageal Motility Disorders (e.g. Achalasia)
Difficulty or pain swallowing food, due to a structural narrowing or a motility disorder.
Non-cardiac Chest Pain
Chest pain that mimics cardiac angina, but originates from an oesophageal condition.
Colorectal Cancer
A malignant tumour of the colon or rectum, usually arising from a pre-existing polyp.
Diverticular Disease & Diverticulitis of the Colon
Small pouches in the wall of the colon that, when inflamed, cause diverticulitis.
Chronic Diarrhoea & Chronic Constipation
Disturbances in the frequency and consistency of bowel movements that persist for weeks or months.
Unexplained Digestive Bleeding & Anaemia
Blood loss from the digestive system leading to iron-deficiency anaemia of unknown cause.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD / MASLD)
A build-up of fat in liver cells, closely linked to metabolic syndrome.
Chronic Viral Hepatitis (B & C)
Chronic liver infections caused by the hepatitis B or C viruses, with a long-term risk of cirrhosis.
Abnormal Liver Enzymes
Raised transaminases, γ-GT or bilirubin found on routine blood tests.
Metabolic Syndrome
A combination of disorders (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia) that strains liver health.
The information on this page is for general guidance and does not replace personalised medical advice. For a diagnosis, please consult your doctor.
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